6.1. Place Network

Aus Pattern Language Wiki

Along the 400M Through Street Network and within the Pedestrian Sanctuary too, there is a need for articulation of public space and private space, and the tissue that connects them.


06 1 01 Place Network.jpg


Humans have a basic need to occupy room-like spaces that are connected to other spaces — but whose connections they can control. This basic need exists at all scales of place.


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Discussion:: The human mind tends to segregate elements from one another, like buildings, streets and squares. Designers tend to follow this segregation in the works they produce too, with the result that these structures are separated from one another as if they were stand-alone objects. Yet the web-like connections between these elements are the very essence of life in the city.


It’s easier to think of the rooms in a house as being part of a system of spaces that allow us to control our degree of contact with others, and conversely, our privacy, starting with the most private rooms in the house, the bedrooms and bathrooms, and progressing to the more public spaces where we come into more contact with one another, and ultimately, to the people from outside who may come in as visitors. We can control the degree of contact by modulating the connections between these spaces. We can close doors, open windows, draw blinds.


But just so, the spaces outside of a house or other building also need to afford us an ability to control our connectivity to others, or else they will not function well — and we will not be well (comfortable, secure, and able to control our own activities). We need yards with gates, or porches with steps and railings, or street frontages with subtle demarcations of zones, expressing a gradient of privacy and offering a measure of control of our contact with others.


Human beings need this degree of control, not so that they can retreat into the most private parts of a building, but precisely so that they can feel in control when making even greater contact with others. A house that has no gradient of privacy at the edge is like a goldfish bowl, and the occupants can only retreat to the back corner — and often do. But a house with a gradient of privacy, and well-sheltered spaces offering both connection and refuge, will invite more contact with the outside.


Why do we speak of a “place” network? Let us remember that a “place” is a geographical entity that invites us to enjoy being there for psychological reasons that are not always obvious. The success or failure of a place depends upon its geometrical relationship to other places — how well each is defined, and how well all of them link up. We can all recognize some common failures: front porches that feel too exposed to use; balconies that sit empty because they are too shallow; front lawns that look nice but are never actively used, resulting in a waste of valuable space. Re-envisioning them as room-like spaces helps us to correct the deficiencies of all these typologies. Then we might be able to identify remedies — for example, put up a permeable fence on the porch; make the balcony at least 2m deep (the original Alexandrian Pattern Six-Foot Balcony, APL 167); or enclose a front yard with a picket fence, to make it a more protected area. The goal is to create a tapestry of psychologically well-defined places. The street transitions into the partially fenced-in front yard, then into the partially fenced-in porch, then to the house entrance, and to interior rooms. The public realm is better connected to the private realm — and private realms are better connected to one another.¹


06 1 02 Place Network.jpg
The best places are a tapestry of room-like spaces, whether indoors or out.


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Therefore:

When planning a building, a street or other parts of an environmental structure, conceive of them as part of a tapestry of places — a place network. Work to articulate these places as part of a continuous network with many connections, and many points of modulation of connection: doors, windows, gates, hedges, fences and other structures.


Place Network
Place Network


Create place networks all along a Walkable Streetscape. Weave the networks into the other parts of the city at all scales, including Main Gateways and Quiet Backs. Create Circulation Realms with a Family Of Entrances. Link up Connected Buildings surrounded by place networks featuring a Hierarchy Of Open Space. …




¹ This pattern draws on the work of a great many people. A summary of it can be found in Mehaffy, M., Elmlund, P. and Haas, T. Public Spaces and Private Conflicts in the New Urban Agenda. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability. Chilworth UK: WIT Press. Available on the Web at Sustasis.net/PSPC.pdf



Mehaffy, M. et al. (2020). PLACE NETWORK (pattern). In A New Pattern Language for Growing Regions. The Dalles: Sustasis Press. Available at https://pattern-language.wiki/.../Place_Network



SECTION I:

PATTERNS OF SCALE


1. REGIONAL PATTERNS

Define the large-scale spatial organization…

1.1. POLYCENTRIC REGION

1.2. BLUE-GREEN NETWORK

1.3. MOBILITY CORRIDOR

1.4. 400M THROUGH STREET NETWORK

2. URBAN PATTERNS

Establish essential urban characteristics…

2.1. WALKABLE MULTI-MOBILITY

2.2. LEVEL CITY

2.3. PUBLIC SPACE SYSTEM

2.4. BIOPHILIC URBANISM

3. STREET PATTERNS

Identify and allocate street types…

3.1. URBAN GREENWAY

3.2. MULTI-WAY BOULEVARD

3.3. AVENUE

3.4. SHARED SPACE LANE

4. NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERNS

Define neighborhood-scale elements…

4.1. STREET AS CENTER

4.2. PEDESTRIAN SANCTUARY

4.3. NEIGHBORHOOD SQUARE

4.4. NEIGHBORHOOD PARK

5. SPECIAL USE PATTERNS

Integrate unique urban elements with care…

5.1. SCHOOL CAMPUS

5.2. MARKET CENTER

5.3. INDUSTRIAL AREA

5.4. HOSPITAL

6. PUBLIC SPACE PATTERNS

Establish the character of the crucial public realm…

6.1. PLACE NETWORK

6.2. WALKABLE STREETSCAPE

6.3. MOVABLE SEATING

6.4. CAPILLARY PATHWAY

7. BLOCK AND PLOT PATTERNS

Lay out the detailed structure of property lines…

7.1. SMALL BLOCKS

7.2. PERIMETER BLOCK

7.3. SMALL PLOTS

7.4. MID-BLOCK ALLEY

8. STREETSCAPE PATTERNS

Configure the street as a welcoming place…

8.1. STREET AS ROOM

8.2. TERMINATED VISTA

8.3. STREET TREES

8.4. STREET FURNISHINGS

9. BUILDING PATTERNS

Lay out appropriate urban buildings…

9.1. PERIMETER BUILDING

9.2. ARCADE BUILDING

9.3. COURTYARD BUILDING

9.4. ROW BUILDING

10. BUILDING EDGE PATTERNS

Create interior and exterior connectivity…

10.1. INDOOR-OUTDOOR AMBIGUITY

10.2. CIRCULATION NETWORK

10.3. LAYERED ZONES

10.4. PASSAGEWAY VIEW



SECTION II:

PATTERNS OF MULTIPLE SCALE


11. GEOMETRIC PATTERNS

Build in coherent geometries at all scales…

11.1. LOCAL SYMMETRY

11.2. SMALL GROUPS OF ELEMENTS

11.3. FRACTAL PATTERN

11.4. FRAMING

12. AFFORDANCE PATTERNS

Build in user capacity to shape the environment…

12.1. HANDLES

12.2. CO-PRODUCTION

12.3. FRIENDLY SURFACES

12.4. MALLEABILITY

13. RETROFIT PATTERNS

Revitalize and improve existing urban assets …

13.1. SLUM UPGRADE

13.2. SPRAWL RETROFIT

13.3. URBAN REGENERATION

13.4. URBAN CONSOLIDATION

14. INFORMAL GROWTH PATTERNS

Accommodate “bottom-up” urban growth…

14.1. LAND TENURE

14.2. UTILITIES FIRST

14.3. DATA WITH THE PEOPLE

14.4. INCREMENTAL SELF-BUILD

15. CONSTRUCTION PATTERNS

Use the building process to enrich the result…

15.1. DESIGN-BUILD ADAPTATION

15.2. HUMAN-SCALE DETAIL

15.3. CONSTRUCTION ORNAMENT

15.4. COMPLEX MATERIALS



SECTION III:

PATTERNS OF PROCESS


16. IMPLEMENTATION TOOL PATTERNS

Use tools to achieve successful results…

16.1. FORM-BASED CODE

16.2. ENTITLEMENT STREAMLINING

16.3. NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING CENTER

16.4. COMMUNITY MOCKUP

17. PROJECT ECONOMICS PATTERNS

Create flows of money that support urban quality…

17.1. TAX-INCREMENT FINANCING

17.2. LAND VALUE CAPTURE

17.3. EXTERNALITY VALUATION

17.4. ECONOMIES OF PLACE AND DIFFERENTIATION

18. PLACE GOVERNANCE PATTERNS

Processes for making and managing places…

18.1. SUBSIDIARITY

18.2. POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE

18.3. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PLACE MANAGEMENT

18.4. INFORMAL STEWARDSHIP

19. AFFORDABILITY PATTERNS

Build in affordability for all incomes…

19.1. INTEGRATED AFFORDABILITY

19.2. COMMUNITY LAND TRUST

19.3. MULTI-FAMILY INFILL

19.4. SPECULATION TAX

20. NEW TECHNOLOGY PATTERNS

Integrate new systems without damaging old ones…

20.1. SMART AV SYSTEM

20.2. RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COMPANY

20.3. AUGMENTED REALITY DESIGN

20.4. CITIZEN DATA